what happened to the wife of pablo escobar

Colombian drug lord (1949–1993)

In this Spanish name, the outset or paternal surname is Escobar and the 2d or maternal family name is Gaviria.

Pablo Escobar
Escobar in a 1976 mugshot
Built-in	Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (1949-12-01)1 December 1949 Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia
Died	2 Dec 1993(1993-12-02) (anile 44) Medellín, Antioquia, Republic of colombia
Cause of decease	Gunshot wound to the head
Other names	Don Pablo (Sir Pablo) El Padrino (The Godfather) El Patrón (The Boss) Matar Pablo (Killing Pablo) The King of Cocaine The King of Crack Paisa Robin Hood
Political party	Liberal Alternative
Spouse(s)	Maria Victoria Henao ​ ​ (1000. 1976)​
Children	Sebastián Marroquín and Manuela Escobar
Allegiance	Medellín Dare
Conviction(south)	Illegal drug trade, assassinations, bombing, bribery, racketeering, murder
Criminal penalty	Five years' imprisonment
Signature

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (; Spanish: [ˈpaβlo es.koˈβ̞aɾ]; 1 Dec 1949 – 2 December 1993) was a Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist who was the founder and sole leader of the Medellín Cartel. Dubbed "the male monarch of cocaine", Escobar is the wealthiest criminal in history, having amassed an estimated net worth of Us$30 billion by the time of his expiry—equivalent to $64 billion equally of 2021—while his drug cartel monopolized the cocaine trade into the United States in the 1980s and early 1990s.^{[1] [two]}

Born in Rionegro and raised in Medellín, Escobar studied briefly at Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana [es] of Medellín, but left without graduating; he instead began engaging in criminal action, selling illegal cigarettes and fake lottery tickets, besides as participating in motor vehicle theft. In the early 1970s, he began to work for various drug smugglers, often kidnapping and holding people for ransom.

In 1976, Escobar founded the Medellín Cartel, which distributed powder cocaine, and established the first smuggling routes into the United States. Escobar's infiltration into the U.South. created exponential demand for cocaine and by the 1980s it was estimated Escobar led monthly shipments of 70 to 80 tons of cocaine into the state from Republic of colombia. Every bit a result, he quickly became ane of the richest people in the world,^{[3] [four]} just constantly battled rival cartels domestically and abroad, leading to massacres and the murders of law officers, judges, locals, and prominent politicians,^[5] making Colombia the murder capital of the world.^[6]

In the 1982 Colombian parliamentary election, Escobar was elected as an alternate fellow member of the Chamber of Representatives as office of the Liberal Culling motility. Through this, he was responsible for community projects such as the construction of houses and football fields, which gained him popularity amid the locals of the towns that he frequented. However, Escobar'southward political ambitions were thwarted past the Colombian and U.Southward. governments,^[7] who routinely pushed for his abort, with Escobar widely believed to have orchestrated the DAS Building and Avianca Flight 203 bombings in retaliation.

In 1991, Escobar surrendered to authorities, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment on a host of charges, but struck a bargain of no extradition with Colombian President Cesar Gaviria, with the ability of being housed in his own, self-congenital prison, La Catedral. In 1992, Escobar escaped and went into hiding when authorities attempted to motility him to a more than standard property facility, leading to a nationwide manhunt.^[8] Equally a event, the Medellín Dare crumbled, and in 1993, Escobar was killed in his hometown by Colombian National Police, a day after his 44th birthday.^[ix]

Escobar'south legacy remains controversial; while many denounce the heinous nature of his crimes, he was seen equally a "Robin Hood-similar" figure for many in Republic of colombia, as he provided many amenities to the poor. His killing was mourned and his funeral attended by over 25,000 people.^[10] Additionally, his individual manor, Hacienda Nápoles, has been transformed into a theme park.^[11] His life has also served every bit inspiration for or has been dramatized widely in pic, tv set, and in music.

Early life

The city of Medellín, where Escobar grew up and began his criminal career.

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was built-in on 1 December 1949, in Rionegro, in the Antioquia Section of Republic of colombia. He was the third of seven children of the farmer Abel de Jesús Dari Escobar Echeverri (1910–2001),^[12] with his wife Hermilda de Los Dolores Gaviria Berrío (d. 2006),^[13] an elementary school teacher.^[14]

Raised in the nearby city of Medellín, Escobar is thought to have begun his criminal career equally a teenager, allegedly stealing gravestones and sanding them down for resale to local smugglers. His brother, Roberto Escobar, denies this, instead claiming that the gravestones came from cemetery owners whose clients had stopped paying for site care and that he had a relative who had a monuments business.^{[xv] [ unreliable source? ]} Escobar's son, Sebastián Marroquín, claims his begetter's foray into crime began with a successful do of selling counterfeit high school diplomas,^[4] more often than not counterfeiting those awarded past the Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana of Medellín. Escobar studied at the university for a short period, but left without obtaining a degree.^{[16] [ page needed ]}

Escobar eventually became involved in many criminal activities with Oscar Benel Aguirre, with the duo running lilliputian street scams, selling contraband cigarettes, simulated lottery tickets, and stealing cars.^{[ citation needed ]} In the early 1970s, prior to entering the drug merchandise, Escobar acted as a thief and bodyguard, allegedly earning US$100,000 by kidnapping and holding a Medellín executive for ransom.^[17] Escobar began working for Alvaro Prieto, a contraband smuggler who operated around Medellín, aiming to fulfill a childhood ambition to have COL $i million by the time he was 22.^{[18] [ page needed ]} He is known to accept had a bank deposit of COL 100 meg (more US$three million), when he turned 26.^{[19] [ non-primary source needed ]}

Criminal career

Cocaine distribution

International drug routes.

In The Accountant's Story, Roberto Escobar discusses how Pablo rose from middle-form simplicity and obscurity to i of the earth'due south wealthiest men. Beginning in 1975, Pablo started developing his cocaine performance, flying out planes several times, mainly betwixt Republic of colombia and Panama, along smuggling routes into the United states of america. When he after bought xv bigger airplanes, including a Learjet and six helicopters, a close friend of Pablo's died during the landing of an airplane forth with the plane being destroyed, according to his son. Pablo reconstructed the airplane from the fleck parts that were left and later hung information technology above the gate to his ranch at Hacienda Nápoles.^{[ commendation needed ]}

In May 1976, Escobar and several of his men were arrested and found in possession of eighteen kilograms (39 lb) of white paste, attempting to return to Medellín with a heavy load from Ecuador. Initially, Pablo tried to bribe the Medellín judges who were forming a example against him and was unsuccessful. After many months of legal wrangling, he ordered the murder of the ii arresting officers, and the instance was later dropped. Roberto Escobar details this as the bespeak where Pablo began his design of dealing with the authorities through either bribery or murder.^{[20] [ unreliable source? ]}

Rise to prominence

Powder cocaine was manufactured, packaged, and sold by Pablo Escobar and his assembly, and eventually distributed to the U.S. drug market.

Presently, the demand for cocaine profoundly increased in the U.s., which led to Escobar organizing more smuggling shipments, routes, and distribution networks in South Florida, California, Puerto Rico, and other parts of the country. He and cartel co-founder Carlos Lehder worked together to develop a new trans-shipment betoken in the Bahamas, an island called Norman'due south Cay about 350 km (220 mi) southeast of the Florida coast. Co-ordinate to his brother, Escobar did non purchase Norman'southward Cay; information technology was instead a sole venture of Lehder's. Escobar and Robert Vesco purchased most of the land on the island, which included a 1-kilometre (3,300 ft) airstrip, a harbor, a hotel, houses, boats, and aircraft, and they built a refrigerated warehouse to store the cocaine. From 1978 to 1982, this was used as a central smuggling road for the Medellín Cartel. With the enormous profits generated past this route, Escobar was soon able to purchase xx square kilometres (7.vii sq mi) of land in Antioquia for several 1000000 dollars, on which he built the Hacienda Nápoles. The luxury house he created contained a zoo, a lake, a sculpture garden, a private bullring, and other diversions for his family and the cartel.^[21]

Established drug network

In 1982 Escobar was elected every bit an alternating member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia, as office of a small movement called Liberal Culling. Before in the entrada he was a candidate for the Liberal Renewal Movement, just had to leave it because of the house opposition of Luis Carlos Galán, whose presidential campaign was supported by the Liberal Renewal Movement.^{[22] [ non-primary source needed ] [23]}

Escobar quickly became known internationally as his drug network gained notoriety; the Medellín Cartel controlled a large portion of the drugs that entered the Usa (including Puerto Rico), Mexico, the Dominican Democracy, Venezuela, and Spain. The production procedure was besides altered, with coca from Republic of bolivia and Republic of peru replacing the coca from Republic of colombia, which was kickoff to be seen as substandard quality than the coca from the neighboring countries. Every bit demand for more than and better cocaine increased, Escobar began working with Roberto Suárez Goméz, helping to further the product to other countries in the Americas and Europe, also as being rumored to achieve as far equally Asia.^{[ citation needed ]}

Palace of Justice siege

It is alleged that Escobar backed the 1985 storming of the Colombian Supreme Court by left-wing guerrillas from the 19th of April Movement, also known as Grand-19. The siege, a retaliation motivated by the Supreme Court studying the constitutionality of Colombia'due south extradition treaty with the U.S., resulted in the murders of half the judges on the court.^[24] K-19 were paid to pause into the Palace and burn all papers and files on Los Extraditables, a grouping of cocaine smugglers who were nether threat of being extradited to the U.S. by the Colombian government. Escobar was listed equally a part of Los Extraditables. Hostages were also taken for negotiation of their release, thus helping to prevent the extradition of Los Extraditables to the U.South. for their crimes.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Escobar at the height of his ability

During the acme of its operations, the Medellín Cartel brought in more than U.s.a.$seventy million per day (~$149.v meg in 2021 money). This level of income is roughly $26 billion per annum ($55.five billion in 2021 money). Smuggling 15 tons of cocaine per solar day (worth more than than one-half a billion dollars) into the Us, the cartel spent over United states$1,000 per week purchasing rubber bands to wrap the stacks of cash they received, storing virtually of it in their warehouses. 10 per centum of the greenbacks had to be written off per twelvemonth because of "spoilage" due to rats creeping in and nibbling on the bills they could attain.^{[18] [ folio needed ]}

When questioned virtually the essence of the cocaine business, Escobar replied with "[the business is] simple: you ransom someone hither, you bribe someone at that place, and y'all pay a friendly broker to assistance you bring the money back."^[25] In 1989, Forbes magazine estimated Escobar to be one of 227 billionaires in the world, asserting that he had a personal internet worth of approaching US$3 billion (~$6.4 billion in 2021 money),^[26] while his Medellín Cartel controlled eighty% of the global cocaine marketplace.^[27] It is normally believed that Escobar was the principal financier backside Medellín's Atlético Nacional, which won South America'due south most prestigious football game tournament, the Copa Libertadores, in 1989.^[28]

While seen as an enemy of the United States and Colombian governments, Escobar was a hero to many in Medellín, especially to the poor. He was a natural at public relations, and he worked to create goodwill among the poor of Colombia. A lifelong sports fan, he was credited with building football fields and multi-sports courts, too equally sponsoring children's football teams.^[18] Escobar was also responsible for the structure of houses and football fields in western Colombia, which gained him popularity among the poor.^{[29] [30] [ page needed ] [ commendation needed ]} He worked hard to cultivate his Robin Hood prototype and frequently distributed coin through housing projects and other civic activities, which gained him notable popularity among the locals of the towns that he frequented. Some people from Medellín often helped Escobar avert police capture past serving as lookouts, hiding information from authorities, or doing any else they could to protect him. At the height of his power, drug traffickers from Medellín and other areas were handing over betwixt 20% and 35% of their Colombian cocaine-related profits to Escobar, every bit he was the one who shipped the cocaine successfully to the United States.^{[ citation needed ]}

The Colombian cartels' standing struggles to maintain supremacy resulted in Colombia quickly condign the world's murder capital, with 25,100 fierce deaths in 1991 and 27,100 in 1992.^[31] This increased murder rate was fueled by Escobar giving coin to his hitmen as a reward for killing police force officers, over 600 of whom died as a result.^[7]

La Catedral prison

After the assassination of Luis Carlos Galán, the assistants of César Gaviria moved against Escobar and the drug cartels. Somewhen, the government negotiated with Escobar and convinced him to surrender and terminate all criminal activity in exchange for a reduced sentence and preferential treatment during his captivity. Declaring an terminate to a series of previous trigger-happy acts meant to pressure level government and public opinion, Escobar surrendered to Colombian regime in 1991. Before he gave himself up, the extradition of Colombian citizens to the United states of america had been prohibited past the newly approved Colombian Constitution of 1991. This act was controversial, equally it was suspected that Escobar and other drug lords had influenced members of the Constituent Assembly in passing the police force. Escobar was confined in what became his own luxurious private prison house, La Catedral, which featured a football game pitch, a giant dollhouse, a bar, a Jacuzzi, and a waterfall. Accounts of Escobar's continued criminal activities while in prison began to surface in the media, which prompted the regime to endeavor to movement him to a more conventional jail on 22 July 1992. Escobar's influence immune him to discover the plan in advance and make a successful escape, spending the remainder of his life evading the police.^{[32] [33]}

Search Bloc and Los Pepes

Following Escobar's escape, the United States Joint Special Operations Command (consisting of members of DEVGRU (SEAL Squad Half dozen) and Delta Force) and Centra Spike joined the manhunt for Escobar. They trained and brash a special Colombian police chore force known as the Search Bloc, which had been created to locate Escobar. Later, equally the conflict between Escobar and the governments of the U.s. and Colombia dragged on, and every bit the numbers of Escobar's enemies grew, a vigilante group known every bit Los Pepes (Los Perseguidos por Pablo Escobar, "People Persecuted by Pablo Escobar") was formed. The group was financed by his rivals and sometime assembly, including the Cali Cartel and correct-fly paramilitaries led by Carlos Castaño, who would afterwards fund the Peasant Cocky-Defense force Forces of Córdoba and Urabá. Los Pepes carried out a encarmine campaign, fueled by vengeance, in which more than than 300 of Escobar's associates, his lawyer^[34] and relatives were killed, and a large amount of the Medellín dare's property was destroyed.^{[ citation needed ]}

Members of the Search Bloc as well as Colombian and Us intelligence agencies either colluded with Los Pepes or moonlighted as both the Search Bloc and Los Pepes simultaneously in their efforts to notice Escobar. This coordination was allegedly conducted mainly through the sharing of intelligence to let Los Pepes to bring down Escobar and his few remaining allies, just in that location are reports that some individual Search Bloc members direct participated in missions of Los Pepes death squads.^{[30] [ folio needed ]} One of the leaders of Los Pepes was Diego Murillo Bejarano (likewise known as "Don Berna"), a former Medellín Cartel associate who became a rival drug kingpin and eventually emerged as a leader of one of the near powerful factions inside the Self-Defense of Colombia.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Personal life

Family and relationships

In March 1976, the 26-twelvemonth-erstwhile Escobar married María Victoria Henao, who was 15. The relationship was discouraged past the Henao family unit, who considered Escobar socially junior; the pair eloped.^[nineteen] They had two children: Juan Pablo (at present Sebastián Marroquín) and Manuela.

In 2007, the announcer Virginia Vallejo published her memoir Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), in which she describes her romantic relationship with Escobar and the links of her lover with several presidents, Caribbean dictators, and high-profile politicians.^[35] Her book inspired the movie Loving Pablo (2017).^[36]

A drug distributor, Griselda Blanco, is also reported to have conducted a surreptitious, just passionate, relationship with Escobar; several items in her diary link him with the nicknames "Coque de Mi Rey" (My Coke King) and "Polla Blanca" (White Cock).^[37]

Properties

Later condign wealthy, Escobar created or bought numerous residences and safe houses, with the Hacienda Nápoles gaining significant notoriety. The luxury house independent a colonial house, a sculpture park, and a complete zoo with animals from various continents, including elephants, exotic birds, giraffes, and hippopotamuses. Escobar had also planned to construct a Greek-fashion citadel well-nigh information technology, and though construction of the citadel was started, it was never finished.^[38]

Escobar also endemic a dwelling in the US under his ain name: a 6,500 square human foot (604 m²), pink, waterfront mansion situated at 5860 North Bay Road in Miami Embankment, Florida. The 4-bedroom estate, congenital in 1948 on Biscayne Bay, was seized by the US federal government in the 1980s. Afterwards, the dilapidated belongings was owned by Christian de Berdouare, proprietor of the Chicken Kitchen fast-food chain, who had bought it in 2014. De Berdouare would later hire a documentary moving-picture show crew and professional treasure hunters to search the building before and after demolition, for annihilation related to Escobar or his dare. They would find unusual holes in floors and walls, too equally a safe that was stolen from its hole in the marble floor before information technology could be properly examined.^[39]

Escobar also owned a huge Caribbean area getaway on Isla Grande, the largest of the cluster of the 27 coral cluster islands comprising Islas del Rosario, located about 35 km (22 mi) from Cartagena. The compound, now half-demolished and overtaken by vegetation and wild animals, featured a mansion, apartments, courtyards, a large swimming pool, a helicopter landing pad, reinforced windows, tiled floors, and a large but unfinished building to the side of the mansion.^[40]

Death

Members of Search Bloc gloat over Escobar'due south trunk on ii December 1993. His death ended a sixteen-calendar month search try, costing hundreds of millions of dollars.

The tomb of Pablo Escobar and family in the Monte Sacro Cemetery, Itagüí

Sixteen months after his escape from La Catedral, Pablo Escobar died in a shootout on 2 Dec 1993, amid another of his attempts to elude the Search Bloc.^[41] A Colombian electronic surveillance team, led by Brigadier Hugo Martínez,^{[42] [ unreliable source? ]} used radio trilateration technology to rails his jail cell telephone transmissions and constitute him hiding in Los Olivos, a middle-form barrio in Medellín. The search bloc of 8 men raided the house by blowing the door open up and pursuing him as he ran to the roof and tried to escape them, as well as engaging in a firefight with Escobar and his bodyguard, Álvaro de Jesús Agudelo (alias "El Limón") which ensued. The two fugitives attempted to escape by running across the roofs of bordering houses to reach a back street, merely both were shot and killed by Colombian National Police.^[nine] Escobar suffered gunshots to the leg and torso, and a fatal gunshot through the ear.

It has never been proven who actually fired the final shot into his ear, nor has it been adamant whether this shot was fabricated during the gunfight or equally part of a possible execution, with wide speculation remaining regarding the subject. Some of Escobar'south relatives believe that he committed suicide.^{[viii] [43]} His two brothers, Roberto Escobar and Fernando Sánchez Arellano, believe that he shot himself through the ear. In a statement regarding the topic, the duo stated that Pablo "had committed suicide, he did not go killed. During all the years they went after him, he would say to me every 24-hour interval that if he was really cornered without a manner out, he would 'shoot himself through the ear'."^{[44] [ page needed ]}

Aftermath of his decease

Soon later on Escobar's death and the subsequent fragmentation of the Medellín Cartel, the cocaine marketplace became dominated by the rival Cali Cartel until the mid-1990s when its leaders were either killed or captured by the Colombian government. The Robin Hood image that Escobar had cultivated maintained a lasting influence in Medellín. Many at that place, especially many of the city's poor whom Escobar had aided while he was alive, mourned his death, and over 25,000 people attended his funeral. Some of them consider him a saint and pray to him for receiving divine assist.^[45]

Virginia Vallejo's testimony

On 4 July 2006, Virginia Vallejo, a television anchorwoman romantically involved with Escobar from 1983 to 1987, offered Chaser General Mario Iguarán her testimony in the trial against onetime Senator Alberto Santofimio, who was accused of conspiracy in the 1989 assassination of presidential candidate Luis Carlos Galán. Iguarán acknowledged that, although Vallejo had contacted his office on 4 July, the judge had decided to close the trial on nine July, several weeks earlier the prospective closing date. The action was seen as too late.^{[46] [47]}

On xviii July 2006, Vallejo was taken to the United States on a special flight of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), for "rubber and security reasons" due to her cooperation in high-profile criminal cases.^{[48] [49]} On 24 July, a video in which Vallejo had accused Santofimio of instigating Escobar to eliminate presidential candidate Galán was aired by RCN Television of Republic of colombia. The video was seen by xiv million people, and was instrumental for the reopened case of Galán'south assassination. On 31 August 2011 Santofimio was sentenced to 24 years in prison for his role in the offense.^{[50] [51]}

Part in the Palace of Justice siege

Amongst Escobar'due south biographers, only Vallejo has given a detailed explanation of his part in the 1985 Palace of Justice siege. The journalist stated that Escobar had financed the functioning, which was committed by M-19; simply she blamed the ground forces for the killings of more than 100 people, including 11 Supreme Court magistrates, M-19 members, and employees of the deli. Her statements prompted the reopening of the example in 2008; Vallejo was asked to evidence, and many of the events she had described in her book and testimonial were confirmed by Colombia's Commission of Truth.^{[52] [53]} These events led to further investigation into the siege that resulted with the conviction of a loftier-ranking former colonel and a onetime general, later sentenced to 30 and 35 years in prison, respectively, for the forced disappearance of the detained afterwards the siege.^{[54] [55]} Vallejo would afterward testify in Galán'south assassination.^[56] In her book, Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), she had accused several politicians, including Colombian presidents Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper and Álvaro Uribe of having links to drug cartels.^[57] Due to threats, and her cooperation in these cases, on iii June 2010 the United states of america granted political aviary to the Colombian journalist.

Relatives

Escobar's widow (María Henao, now María Isabel Santos Caballero), son (Juan Pablo, now Sebastián Marroquín Santos) and daughter (Manuela) fled Republic of colombia in 1995 after failing to find a country that would grant them asylum.^[58] Despite Escobar's numerous and continual infidelities, Maria remained supportive of her husband. Members of the Cali Dare even replayed their recordings of her conversations with Pablo for their wives to demonstrate how a woman should conduct.^[59] This attitude proved to exist the reason the dare did not impale her and her children afterwards Pablo's death, although the group demanded (and received) millions of dollars in reparations for Escobar's war against them. Henao even successfully negotiated for her son'south life by personally guaranteeing he would not seek revenge against the dare or participate in the drug trade.^{[lx] [ non-master source needed ]}

After escaping first to Mozambique, then to Brazil, the family unit settled in Argentine republic.^[61] Living under her assumed name, Henao became a successful existent estate entrepreneur until 1 of her business associates discovered her true identity, and Henao absconded with her earnings. Local media were alerted, and afterward being exposed as Escobar's widow, Henao was imprisoned for eighteen months while her finances were investigated. Ultimately, regime were unable to link her funds to illegal activity, and she was released.^[62] According to her son, Henao barbarous in love with Escobar "considering of his naughty smile [and] the way he looked at [her]. [He] was affectionate and sweet. A great lover. I fell in dear with his want to help people and his compassion for their hardship. Nosotros [would] drive to places where he dreamed of building schools for the poor. From [the] beginning, he was always a gentleman."^[63] María Victoria Henao de Escobar, with her new identity equally María Isabel Santos Caballero, continues to live in Buenos Aires with her son and daughter.^[64] On v June 2018, the Argentine federal estimate Nestor Barral accused her and her son, Sebastián Marroquín Santos, of coin laundering with two Colombian drug traffickers.^{[65] [66] [67]} The judge ordered the seizing of avails for about $1m each.^[68]

Argentinian filmmaker Nicolas Entel's documentary Sins of My Father (2009) chronicles Marroquín'due south efforts to seek forgiveness, on behalf of his father, from the sons of Rodrigo Lara, Colombia'south justice minister who was assassinated in 1984, likewise as from the sons of Luis Carlos Galán, the presidential candidate who was assassinated in 1989. The movie was shown at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival and premiered in the US on HBO in Oct 2010.^[69] In 2014, Marroquín published Pablo Escobar, My Father nether his nascence proper noun. The volume provides a firsthand insight into details of his father's life and describes the fundamentally disintegrating effect of his decease upon the family. Marroquín aimed to publish the volume in hopes to resolve any inaccuracies regarding his father's excursions during the 1990s.^[70]

Escobar's sister, Luz Maria Escobar, also made multiple gestures in attempts to brand apology for the drug baron's crimes. These include making public statements in the press, leaving letters on the graves of his victims and on the 20th ceremony of his decease organizing a public memorial for his victims.^[71] Escobar'due south body was exhumed on 28 Oct 2006 at the asking of some of his relatives in social club to have a Deoxyribonucleic acid sample to confirm the alleged paternity of an illegitimate child and remove all doubt about the identity of the torso that had been cached adjacent to his parents for 12 years.^[72] A video of the exhumation was circulate by RCN, angering Marroquín, who accused his uncle, Roberto Escobar, and cousin, Nicolas Escobar, of existence "merchants of death" by allowing the video to air.^[73]

Hacienda Nápoles

Afterwards Escobar's death, the ranch, zoo and citadel at Hacienda Nápoles were given by the government to low-income families under a police force called Extinción de Dominio (Domain Extinction). The holding has been converted into a theme park surrounded past four luxury hotels overlooking the zoo.^[38]

Escobar Inc

In 2014, Roberto Escobar founded Escobar Inc with Olof K. Gustafsson and registered Successor-In-Interest rights for his brother Pablo Escobar in California, United States.^[74]

Hippos

Escobar kept iv hippos in a private menagerie at Hacienda Nápoles. They were deemed likewise difficult to seize and move after Escobar's death, and hence left on the untended manor. By 2007, the animals had multiplied to 16 and had taken to roaming the area for food in the nearby Magdalena River.^{[75] [76]} In 2009, two adults and one calf escaped the herd and, after attacking humans and killing cattle, ane of the adults (called "Pepe") was killed past hunters under authorization of the local authorities.^{[76] [77]} As of early 2014, forty hippos have been reported to exist in Puerto Triunfo, Antioquia, from the original 4 belonging to Escobar.^[78] Without management the population size is likely to more than double in the side by side decade.^[79]

The National Geographic Aqueduct produced a documentary about them titled Cocaine Hippos.^[80] A report published in a Yale student magazine noted that local environmentalists are campaigning to protect the animals, although at that place is no articulate plan for what will happen to them.^[81] In 2018, National Geographic published another commodity on the hippos which found disagreement among environmentalists on whether they were having a positive or negative impact, but that conservationists and locals – peculiarly those in the tourism industry – were by and large in support of their connected presence.^[82]

By October, 2021, the Colombian government had started a program to sterilize the hippos using a chemical to brand them infertile.^[83]

Apartment sabotage

On 22 Feb 2019, at xi:53 AM local time, Medellín authorities demolished the six-story Edificio Mónaco flat complex in the El Poblado neighborhood where, according to retired Colombian full general Rosso José Serrano, Escobar planned some of his nigh brazen attacks. The building was initially congenital for Escobar'southward wife only was gutted by a Cali Cartel car bomb in 1988 and had remained unoccupied e'er since, becoming an attraction to foreign tourists seeking out Escobar's physical legacy. Mayor Federico Gutierrez had been pushing to raze the building and erect in its identify a park honoring the thousands of cartel victims, including four presidential candidates and some 500 constabulary officers. Colombian President Ivan Duque said the demolition "means that history is not going to exist written in terms of the perpetrators but past recognizing the victims," hoping the demolition would showcase that the metropolis had evolved significantly and had more to offering than the legacy left past the cartels.^[84]

In popular culture

Books

Escobar has been the subject field of several books, including the following:

• Escobar (2010), by Roberto Escobar, written by his brother shows how he became infamous and ultimately died.^[85]
• Escobar Gaviria, Roberto (2016). My Blood brother – Pablo Escobar. Escobar, Inc. ISBN978-0692706374.
• Kings of Cocaine (1989), by Guy Gugliotta, retells the history and operations of the Medellín Dare, and Escobar'due south role inside it.^[86]
• Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the World's Greatest Outlaw (2001), by Mark Bowden,^{[87] [88]} relates how Escobar was killed and his cartel dismantled by U.s. special forces and intelligence, the Colombian military, and Los Pepes.^[89]
• Pablo Escobar: My Male parent (2016), by Juan Pablo Escobar, translated by Andrea Rosenberg .^[90]
• Pablo Escobar: Beyond Narcos (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells the story of Pablo and the Medellin Cartel in the context of the failed War on Drugs; ISBN 978-1537296302
• American Made: Who Killed Barry Seal? Pablo Escobar or George HW Bush (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells Pablo's story as a suspect in the murder of CIA pilot Barry Seal; ISBN 978-1537637198
• Loving Pablo, Antisocial Escobar (2017) by Virginia Vallejo, originally published by Penguin Random House in Spanish in 2007, and later translated to 16 languages.
• News of a Kidnapping, (original Spanish title: Noticia de un secuestro) non-fiction 1996 book by Gabriel García Márquez, and published in English in 1997.

Films

Two major feature films on Escobar, Escobar (2009) and Killing Pablo (2011), were appear in 2007.^[91] Details about them, and additional films about Escobar, are listed below.

• Blow, a 2001 American biographical flick based on George Jung, a member of the Medellín Cartel; Escobar was portrayed by Cliff Curtis.
• Pablo Escobar: The Male monarch of Coke (2007) is a TV movie documentary by National Geographic, featuring archival footage and commentary by stakeholders.^{[92] [93]}
• Escobar (2009) was delayed because of producer Oliver Rock's involvement with the George Westward. Bush biopic Due west. (2008). As of 2008, the release appointment of Escobar remained unconfirmed.^{[ when? ]}.^[94] Regarding the moving picture, Stone said: "This is a groovy projection well-nigh a fascinating man who took on the arrangement. I recollect I have to thank Scarface, and maybe even Ari Gold."^[95]
• Killing Pablo (2011), was supposedly in development for several years, directed by Joe Carnahan. It was to be based on Mark Bowden'due south 2001 volume of the same title, which in turn was based on his 31-part Philadelphia Inquirer series of articles on the subject.^{[88] [89]} The bandage was reported to include Christian Bale equally Major Steve Jacoby and Venezuelan histrion Édgar Ramírez as Escobar.^{[96] [97]} In December 2008, Bob Yari, producer of Killing Pablo, filed for bankruptcy.^[98]
• Escobar: Paradise Lost: a romantic thriller in which a naive Canadian surfer falls in love with a girl who turns out to be Escobar's niece.
• Loving Pablo: a 2017 Spanish film based on Virginia Vallejo'due south book Loving Pablo, Antisocial Escobar with Javier Bardem as Escobar, and Penélope Cruz every bit Virginia Vallejo.^[99]
• American Fabricated, a 2017 American biographical flick based on Barry Seal; Escobar was portrayed by Mauricio Mejía.^[100]

Television

• In 2005, Court Television (now TruTV) crime documentary series Mugshots released an episode on Escobar titled "Pablo Escobar – Hunting The Druglord".^[101]
• In the 2007 HBO television series, Entourage, thespian Vincent Chase (played by Adrian Grenier) is bandage as Escobar in a fictional moving-picture show entitled Medellín.^[102]
• One of ESPN'southward 30 for 30 serial films, The Two Escobars (2010), by directors Jeff and Michael Zimbalist, looks back at Colombia'due south Earth Loving cup run in 1994 and the relationship between sports and the country's criminal gangs — notably the Medellín narcotics cartel run by Escobar. The other Escobar in the film title refers to erstwhile Colombian defender Andrés Escobar (no relation to Pablo), who was shot and killed ane month afterwards conceding an own goal that contributed to the elimination of the Colombian national team from the 1994 FIFA World Cup.^[103]
• Caracol Idiot box produced a television serial, El cartel (The Cartel), which began ambulation on June 4, 2008 where Escobar is portrayed by an unknown model when he is shot downwardly by Cartel del Sur's hitmen.
• Also Caracol Television set produced a Goggle box Series, Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal (Pablo Escobar, The Boss Of Evil), which began airing on 28 May 2012, and stars Andrés Parra as Pablo Escobar. Information technology is based on Alonso Salazar'south book La parábola de Pablo.^[104] Parra reprises his function in TV Series Football Dreams, a world of passion and El Señor de los Cielos (season i). Parra has declared non to play the character again so as not to pigeonhole himself.
• RTI Producciones produced a Television set Series for RCN Televisión, Tres Caínes, was released on four march 2013, which Escobar is portrayed by the colombian role player Juan Pablo Franco (who portrayed full general Muriel Peraza in Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal) in the beginning phase of the serial. Franco reprises his role in Surviving Escobar: Alias JJ.
• The same year 2013, Flim-flam Telecolombia produced for RCN Televisión a Tv Series, Alias El Mexicano, released on 5 November 2013, which Escobar is portrayed past an unknown actor in a minor role.
• A Netflix original idiot box series depicting the story of Escobar, titled Narcos, was released on 28 August 2015, starring Brazilian role player Wagner Moura equally Pablo.^[105] Season ii premiered on the streaming service on 2 September 2016.^[106]
• In 2016 RCN Televisión produced the TV Serial En la boca del lobo, was released on 16 August 2016, which Escobar is portrayed past Fabio Restrepo (who portrayed Javier Ortiz in Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal) as the character of Flavio Escolar.
• National Geographic in 2016 broadcast a biography series Facing that included an episode featuring Escobar.^[107]
• On 24 January 2018 Netflix released the 68-minute-long documentary Countdown to Death: Pablo Escobar directed by Santiago Diaz and Pablo Martin Farina.^{[108] [109]}
• Killing Escobar was a documentary televised in the U.k. in 2021. It concerned a failed effort past mercenaries, contracted past the Cali Cartel and led by Peter McAleese, to assassinate Escobar in 1989.
• Play a trick on Telecolombia produced in 2019 a Television set Series, El Full general Naranjo, which aired on 24 May 2019, which Escobar is portrayed by the colombian actor Federico Rivera.

Music

• The 2013 song "Pablo" by American rapper E-40 serves equally an ode to the legacy of Pablo Escobar.^[110]
• The 2016 album The Life of Pablo by American rapper Kanye W was named after the 3 Pablo'south that inspired and represented some part of the anthology with one of them existence Pablo Escobar.^[111]

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External links

• "The Abandoned Firm of Pablo Escobar". noaccess.european union. Archived from the original on 2 September 2015. Retrieved xviii August 2015.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Escobar

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